PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Eastern North America		European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian														Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean														Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian														Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian														Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian														Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian														Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian														Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Agenian	20
				Aquitanian														Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
				Wordian															264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian															293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †										298.9
				Kasimovian					Mapingian †										303.7
				Kasimovian															305.9
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
							Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
							Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
							Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
							Rakvere	Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
							Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Kukruse	Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku							458.4
							Lasnamagi							458.9 *
							Aseri							460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
							Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian												467.3
										Rangerian					469.1 *
							Billingen			Rangerian					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian		Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg									473.7 *
										Tulean						473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean						477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
							Varangu			Stairsian						481.3 *
	Skullrockian						Varangu			Demingian †					482 *
							Pakerort			Demingian †					482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort								485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian														720
			Tonian													Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan												1375
																			1400