PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America			Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian				100.5
											Middle Albian				106.2 *
											Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian				113
		Aptian									Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian				139.8
											Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
											Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian				174.7
											Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
											Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian									Sevatian				208.5
											Alaunian				213.2 *
											Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian				227
		Carnian									Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian				237
		Ladinian									Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian				242
											Pelsonian				243.8 *
											Bithynian				244.7 *
											Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian									Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan									Dienerian				251.2
		Induan									Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian								283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
		Asselian											Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Kuzel		298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
				Stephanian B	300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
				Cantabrian	Khamovnikian	305 *
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	Myachkovian	307.4 *
				Westphalian D	Podolskian	308.9 *
				Westphalian C	Podolskian	309.8
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
				Westphalian B	Vereian	314.6
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Westphalian A	Cheremshanian	317 *
				Westphalian A	Prikamian	318.6 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	Prikamian	318.8 *
				Yeadonian	Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Marsdenian	Severokeltmian	320.2 *
				Marsdenian	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	Krasnopolyanian	321.5 *
				Kinderscoutian	Voznesenian	321.9 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	Zapaltjubian	324 *
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
				Pendleian	Steshevian	327.4 *
				Pendleian	Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Tulian	Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian		346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Cherepetian	Hastarian		353.7 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
							Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
							Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
						Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
								Adavere	434 *
									436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
						Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean								493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	514		Dyeran
			Montezuman	514.8 *
			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
															538.8