PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian																Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian																Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian												Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian												Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian												Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
																Planulata						179.3 *
																Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
																Kanense						181.3 *
																Carlottense						182.3 *
																Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian												Kunae						184.2
																Freboldi						185.1 *
																Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
																	Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
																Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian																		192.9
																Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
																Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian												Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
Anisian			Middle Triassic	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian			Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
									Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
									Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
									Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian						Keila			Idavere †	453
									Haljala				453.9
									Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse						456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
									Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
									Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
								Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
										Arenigian							468
									Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg							473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
									Varangu							481.3 *
									Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort			485.4
												486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †				497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian															1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian															1600
		Orosirian															1800
		Rhyacian															2050
		Siderian															2300
Archean	Neoarchean						2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
																						4600