PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian						Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian						Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian						Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan					Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai		Melekhovian					251.902
																252.4 *
									Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian					Chhidru							254.14
									Kalabagh							255 *
									Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
											Noginskian					264.9 *
																265.3 *
									Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian					Amb							266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
				Visean	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
Uhaku								Aluoja †	457.5 *
Uhaku		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
Lasnamagi									458.9 *
Aseri									460.4 *
Oeland				Kunda					462.9 *
				Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian	Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Hunneberg						477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan			509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3							Botomian			514
			Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
			Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian												720
			Tonian		Karatau									800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau									1000
			Stenian		Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan									1375
																1400