PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian										Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
		Bajocian											Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian										Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
												Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
												Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian										Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian										Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian										Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan					Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai								251.902
															252.4 *
							Chhidru								252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru								254.14
							Kalabagh								255 *
							Wargal								256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
															265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian		Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		298.9
						Xiaodushanian	300 *
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Missourian			Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
						Dalaun		305.8 *
				Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian						307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
				Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan				318.4 *
						Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
						Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Jiusian		335 *
				Meramecian				335.8 *
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
				Osagean	Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	Tangbagouan	Ivorian		346.7
				Kinderhookian		Ivorian		351.9 *
				Kinderhookian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	Bolindian	445.2
									Pirgu	Eastonian	449 *
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Oandu						Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Keila							Idavere †	453
			Haljala								453.9
			Kukruse								456.4 *
			Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku						Darriwilian		458.4
			Lasnamagi								458.9 *
			Aseri								460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian			467.3
									Castlemainian			468.5 *
								Billingen	Castlemainian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian			470
									Chewtonian	Latorp †		470.1 *
									Bendigonian			471.8 *
									Lancefieldian			473.5 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
									Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
															538.8