PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Senonian	66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Gallic	100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian														Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein								Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes				Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian									Wordian				Leine		264.28
		Roadian									Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian					Autunian					Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian										Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian												Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian												Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian												Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean												Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian												Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											Emsian				393.3
		Pragian											Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian											Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
	Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian															427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
		Aeronian															438.5
		Rhuddanian															440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †							443.8
		Katian		Pirgu	Chientangkiangian	445.2				Wufeng †
				Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
				Vormsi				449.6 *
				Nabala				Johvi †		450 *
			Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
				Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian		Keila				Idavere †		453
				Haljala						453.9
				Kukruse						456.4 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
								Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka						467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov	Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen	Dapingian											469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian											470
								Latorp †								470.1 *
				Hunneberg												473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian											477.7
									Lianghekou †							477.9 *
				Varangu												481.3 *
				Pakerort												482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort												485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														486.3 *
																	486.5