PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic			Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian							Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan				56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan									Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein					Kathwai	251.902
														252.4 *
													Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian									Chhidru	254.14
													Kalabagh	255 *
													Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian				Leine						264.28
														265.3 *
													Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian									Amb	266.9
				Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian								Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian								Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian								Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian								Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian								Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian								Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian								Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9								Chesterian
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †		453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
	Oeland				Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian								635
			Tonian								720
			Tonian							Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
			Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	1200						Yurmatian
			Ectasian	Burzyan						1375
														1400