PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian						Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
										Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Rupelian							27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian						Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian						Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian						Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian						Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian						Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
											4600