PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
							Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
							Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
							Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan	108.4
							Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian				113
							Late Aptian				117.5
							Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian	139.8
			Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
			Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian			174.7
			Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
			Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian	Sevatian			208.5
			Alaunian			213.2 *
			Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian			227
		Carnian	Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian	Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian			242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian			251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †	453
				Haljala				453.9
				Kukruse				456.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku				458.4
				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							486.3 *
											486.5