PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
																Hemingfordian			16.3
																Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
																Whitneyan			29.5
																Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean			37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean			37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian			47.8
																Wasatchian			50.5
																Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian			56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian			56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian												Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									Humphresianum	168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
Planulata					179.3 *
					Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
							180.1
Kanense							181.3 *
Kanense							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum	182
Carlottense								182.3 *
Kunae								183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni	184.2
Freboldi								185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi								Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras								Canadensis	190.3 *
				Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras				196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian						Wordian	264.28
			Roadian						Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian							Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Lochkovian									410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian										Pirgu	445.2
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
													Haljala		453.9
													Kukruse		456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4							Uhaku
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
						Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian									Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian									Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
												Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian									Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4	Pakerort
								486.3 *
								486.5
								Sunwaptan				487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan				489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean				493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean				494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian		Albertian †			497
		Drumian	Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran					506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran		Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4	Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran					514
			Montezuman					514.8 *
			Begadean					519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2						521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
		Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											1000
		Ectasian											1200
		Calymmian											1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
																			4600