PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian						Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian						Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian						Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
						486.3 *
						486.5
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Guzhangian			Arcadian			498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian			509
			Stage 3			Branchian			514
			Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
														1400