PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian							Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
		Carnian							Oretian								227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian							Etalian								238
		Anisian							Etalian								242
		Anisian							Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian					Vokhmian			247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian								249
		Induan							Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan						Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai		251.902
																	252.4 *
															Chhidru		252.9 *
									Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian	Zechstein				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
									Puruhauan								254.2
															Kalabagh		255 *
			Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
							265.3 *
					Barettian		266
			Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan		445.2
												Cautleyan		448.9 *
												Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
												Pusgillian		449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan			451.5 *
												Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
												Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
											Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
														Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												Chewtonian		470
												Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
														Bendigonian		471.8 *
														Lancefieldian		473.5 *
												Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian									Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
												Cressagian				480.8 *
												Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
														Warendian		485 *
																	485.4