PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian								Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian								Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian								Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein										Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller										Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian							Leine										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian																	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †												298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †												303.7
		Kasimovian																		305.9
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
		Visean																		330.9
		Tournaisian																		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Adorf									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill		Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Cautleyan							448.9 *
						Pusgillian							449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian							Onnian †	449.6 *
						Streffordian					Berounian			449.7 *
						Cheneyan								451.5 *
						Burrellian								452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Aurelucian											456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
												Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn											458.4
											Dobrotivian						458.5 *
											Oretanian						459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn											461.3 *
												Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
				Arenig		Fennian											468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian											470
						Whitlandian											471.1 *
						Moridunian											474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian					Tremadocian						477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian											480.8 *
																	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Late Cambrian							485.4
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																				538.8