PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian													11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan							150
										Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian						Warepan							208.5
										Otamitan							217
										Oretian							221
				Carnian						Oretian							227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian						Etalian							238
				Anisian						Etalian							242
				Anisian						Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
				Induan						Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian						Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian						Waiitian				Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan				Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes			259.51
Wordian				264.28						Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian			330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470							Fennian
			Whitlandian							471.1 *
			Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc						Cressagian	480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian		500.5									Marjumian
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran				Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4				Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran							514
						Montezuman							514.8 *
						Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Wonokan †			571.7 *
																	635