PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	Tertiary †							2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian								3
				Zanclean						Waipipian								3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan								7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan								11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian								13.82
										Clifdenian								15.1
									Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian								15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian								23.03
										Duntroonian								25.2
										Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
									Arnold	Runangan								34.6
										Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian								41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
										Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan								47.8
										Mangaorapan								48.9
										Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian								56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian						Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
										Mangaotanean								90.5
										Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan								93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
										Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan								100.5
										Urutawan								103.3
									Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian						Korangan								113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian				Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel			297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	Kuzel			298.9
									Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Missourian				Stephanian A	303.7
								Missourian				Cantabrian	305 *
								Desmoinesian					305.9 *
			Moscovian										307
									Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
								Atokan				Westphalian C	312.7 *
												Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
								Morrowan			318.4 *	Westphalian A
									Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian			Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean						Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
								Meramecian	Warnantian		Brigantian †	335.8 *
									Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
								Osagean	Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean	Ivorian			346.7
								Kinderhookian	Ivorian	351.9 *
								Kinderhookian	Hastarian	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	Siegen						407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill		Hirnantian	Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
												Cautleyan				448.9 *
												Cautleyan	Eastonian			449 *
												Pusgillian				449.3 *
										Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
Nabala																Johvi †	450 *
Viru														Rakvere			450.6 *
					Cheneyan							451.5 *		Rakvere
					Cheneyan							Gisbornian	Oandu	452 *
					Burrellian								Oandu	452.7 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †		453
													Keila		Actonian †	453.2 *
													Haljala		Actonian †	453.9
															Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Kukruse				456.4 *
					Aurelucian												456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						Darriwilian	Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							Aseri		461.3 *
Oeland													Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian									Yapeenian				467.3
					Arenig	Fennian						Yapeenian				468.4 *
												Castlemainian				468.5 *
												Castlemainian	Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Chewtonian				470
														Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian										471.1 *
												Bendigonian				471.8 *
												Lancefieldian				473.5 *
													Hunneberg			473.7 *
						Moridunian										474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian										477.7
						Cressagian										480.8 *
													Varangu			481.3 *
													Pakerort			482.2 *
												Warendian				482.8 *
												Warendian				485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
																486.3 *
											486.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian														720
			Tonian													Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																		1400