PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China			Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan		Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
						Rawtheyan		Richmondian				446 *
						Cautleyan						448.9 *
						Pusgillian						449.3 *
						Pusgillian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
					Caradoc	Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
								Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian						450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
						Cheneyan								451.5 *
						Burrellian								452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
								Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Aurelucian									456.8 *
							Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
			Dapingian							Dapingian						467.3
					Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
								Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
						Whitlandian		Blackhillsian									471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Tulean									473.9 *
						Moridunian											474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian										Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †					477.9 *
								Stairsian									480.3 *
	Cressagian					480.8 *		Stairsian
	Cressagian					Skullrockian		Demingian †							482 *
								Demingian †							485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
			Paibian													494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
			Drumian													500.5
			Wuliuan													504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian															Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
			Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
			Calymmian																1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian	1600
			Orosirian	1800
			Rhyacian	2050
			Siderian	2300
Archean		Neoarchean		2500
		Mesoarchean		2800
		Paleoarchean		3200
		Eoarchean		3600
Hadean				4000
																				4600