PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian									66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic									100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian									125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian					264.28
		Roadian									Kuhfengian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian									Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian									Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian														300.1
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian														346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian								358.9
								Middle Famennian								365.3 *
								Early Famennian								368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian								372.2
								Middle Frasnian								375.4 *
								Early Frasnian								379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian								382.7
								Middle Givetian								383.7 *
								Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian								387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian								390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian								393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian								398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan		445.2	Gamachian
					Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
					Cautleyan			448.9 *
					Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Cheneyan					451.5 *
					Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
								Longvillian †				455.2 *
					Aurelucian							456.8 *
						Whiterockian			Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
				Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
							Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Whitlandian		Blackhillsian							471.1 *
					Whitlandian		Tulean							473.9 *
					Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
					Migneintian		Stairsian							480.3 *
					Cressagian		Stairsian							480.8 *
					Cressagian		Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
											485 *		Demingian †
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †				485.4
		Stage 10							Niuchehean						487.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian							Paibian						494
		Paibian							Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian		Wangcunian †				497
		Drumian							Drumian		Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian						530.7
																538.8