PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian														Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian														Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian														Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic									Late Albian			100.5
																Middle Albian			106.2 *
																Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian														Late Aptian			113
		Aptian														Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian														Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian														Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian			139.8
																Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
																Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian														Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian														Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian														Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian														Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian														Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian														Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Late Toarcian			174.7
																Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
																Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian														Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian														Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian														Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian														Sevatian			208.5
																Alaunian			213.2 *
																Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian														Tuvalian			227
		Carnian														Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														Longobardian			237
		Ladinian														Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian														Illyrian			242
																Pelsonian			243.8 *
																Bithynian			244.7 *
																Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian														Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan														Dienerian			251.2
																Griesbachian			251.4 *
																Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Kathwai	251.902
																			252.4 *
																		Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian																Chhidru	254.14
																		Kalabagh	255 *
																		Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
																			265.3 *
																		Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian																Amb	266.9
		Roadian																	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
					Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian					449.3 *
			Caradoc		Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
									Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
									Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri			461.3 *
								Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
			Arenig		Fennian									468.4 *
										Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
					Whitlandian									471.1 *
					Whitlandian					Hunneberg				473.7 *
					Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian									477.7
					Cressagian									480.8 *
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
														Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									St Davids				497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai				509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																			538.8