PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean		3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian												Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian												Tunggurian		11.63
				Langhian												Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian		15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan		16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan					150
													Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian									Warepan					208.5
													Otamitan					217
													Oretian					221
				Carnian									Oretian					227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian									Etalian					238
				Anisian									Etalian					242
				Anisian									Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian					249
Induan				251.2									Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Leine		Flettian			264.28
							Barettian			266
								Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian		273.01
							Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
								Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian						283.5
							Telfordian			285
							Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian					Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan		445.2
											Cautleyan		448.9 *
											Pusgillian		449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	470								Fennian
			Whitlandian								471.1 *
			Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc							Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc						Cressagian	480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian										509
		Stage 3			Branchian										514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †							538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †							571.7 *
																		635