International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleOrdovician of BritainCambrian of SiberiaMammal Paleogene ZonesCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeObsolete Precambrian AgesOrdovician of the BalticPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaCambrian of North AmericaCarboniferous of North AmericaDevonian of Germany
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantian0.0117
ChibanianIonian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Serravallian11.63
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 25TabenbulakianHsandagolian23.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21Kekeamuan27.82
EocenePriabonianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17AHouldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian33.9
BartonianMP 16Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7Bumbanian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianMP 6MP 1 - 5Gashatan56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianBursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianVirgilian298.9
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Desmoinesian305.9 *
Moscovian307
Atokan312.7 *
Bashkirian315.2
Morrowan318.4 *
MississippianSerpukhovianChesterian323.2
Visean330.9
Meramecian335.8 *
Osagean343.1 *
Tournaisian346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianAdorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianGivetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianEmsian393.3
PragianSiegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianAshgillHirnantianHarjuPorkuni443.8
KatianRawtheyanPirgu445.2
Cautleyan448.9 *
Pusgillian449.3 *
CaradocStreffordianOnnian †Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
Cheneyan451.5 *
Oandu452 *
Burrellian452.7 *
SandbianKeilaIdavere †453
Actonian †453.2 *
Haljala453.9
Marshbrookian †Woolstonian †454.2 *
Longvillian †455.2 *
Kukruse456.4 *
Aurelucian456.8 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian457.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianLlanvirnLlandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn461.3 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
Dapingian467.3
ArenigFennian468.4 *
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Whitlandian471.1 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
Moridunian474.3 *
TremadocianTremadocMigneintian477.7
Cressagian480.8 *
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
Mansian †483.55 *
485 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/YurakianFranconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Sunwaptan487.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Steptoean493 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianMarjumianAlbertian †497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanAmgan/SolvanTopazan504.5
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4Waucoban †509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Dyeran511 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Montezuman514.8 *
Atdabanian515.6 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian †Poundian †538.8
Wonokan †571.7 *
635