PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian					3
		Zanclean								Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian					13.82
										Clifdenian					15.1
									Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian					23.03
										Duntroonian					25.2
										Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan					34.6
										Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian					41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
										Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan					47.8
										Mangaorapan					48.9
										Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian								Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
										Mangaotanean					90.5
										Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan					93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
										Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan					100.5
										Urutawan					103.3
									Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian								Korangan					113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †		449.6 *
						Streffordian	Berounian				449.7 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Aurelucian							456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
			Liben †						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Sarka †									461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †									467.3
							Arenigian					468
					Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian				Paibian								494
		Paibian				Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian						Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian				Drumian						Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian								530.7
															538.8