PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
				Tortonian																			7.246
				Serravallian																			11.63
				Langhian																			13.82
				Burdigalian																			15.98
				Aquitanian																			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
				Bartonian																			37.71
				Lutetian																			41.2
				Ypresian																			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
				Selandian																			59.2
				Danian																			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
				Campanian																			72.1
				Santonian																			83.6
				Coniacian																			86.3
				Turonian																			89.8
				Cenomanian																			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
				Aptian																			113
				Barremian																			121.4
				Hauterivian																			125.77
				Valanginian																			132.6
				Berriasian																			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian															Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
																			Kawhia	Ohauan			150
																				Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian																			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
				Callovian																Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian																			165.3
				Bajocian																			168.2
				Aalenian																			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
				Toarcian															Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian																Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian																Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian																			192.9
				Hettangian																			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian																Warepan			208.5
																				Otamitan			217
																				Oretian			221
				Carnian																Oretian			227
				Carnian															Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian																Etalian			238
				Anisian																Etalian			242
				Anisian																Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian																Nelsonian			249
				Induan																Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan															DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Makarewan			251.902
				Changhsingian																Waiitian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †				Waiitian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †				Puruhauan			254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Aparima	Flettian			259.51
Wordian				264.28																Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
										Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
												Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian			450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
										Cheneyan					451.5 *
										Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian												453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
												Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
													Longvillian †				455.2 *
	Aurelucian									456.8 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor			457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn						Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
			Arenig						Fennian							468.4 *
											Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
									Whitlandian		Blackhillsian						471.1 *
									Whitlandian		Tulean						473.9 *
									Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
				Migneintian	Stairsian				480.3 *
				Cressagian	Stairsian				480.8 *
					Skullrockian				Demingian †		482 *
											Mansian †					483.55 *
											Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
														Payntonian					486.8 *
														Payntonian					487.5
		Jiangshanian												Iverian					489.5
																Aksaian			490.7 *
																Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian												Idamean					494
		Paibian												Idamean				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
																Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
																Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian														Undillan				500.5
		Drumian														Floran				503
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	Templetonian			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4																			509
																		Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
																		Toyonian			510.8 *
																		Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3																Botomian			514
		Stage 3																Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																			Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																				635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian						Karatau													800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau													1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian													1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian													1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan													1375
																							1400