PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian										Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Gashatan					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Midian		259.51
		Wordian												Midian		264.28
		Wordian												Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian												Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian												Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian												Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian												Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian												Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian												Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian														346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
		Pragian														407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Cautleyan			448.9 *
				Pusgillian			449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
				Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
				Cheneyan				451.5 *
				Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Aurelucian							456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
						Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
					Arenigian						468
			Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian							470
				Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4									Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran			514
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
											Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8