PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran				Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian								2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian								3
				Zanclean										Waipipian								3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan								7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian										Waiauan				Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Serravallian										Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian								13.82
														Clifdenian								15.1
													Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian								15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian				Cenozoic 4				23.03
														Duntroonian								25.2
														Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														Cenozoic 3				33.9
													Arnold	Runangan								34.6
														Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian				Cenozoic 2				41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
														Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan								47.8
														Mangaorapan								48.9
														Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian				Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian				Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian										Haumurian				Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan				Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
														Mangaotanean								90.5
														Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan				Cretaceous 5				93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
														Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan				Cretaceous 4				100.5
														Urutawan								103.3
													Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian										Korangan				Cretaceous 3				113
				Aptian														Cretaceous 3				117.5
				Barremian														Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian														Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian														Cretaceous 1				132.6
Berriasian				139.8														Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
			Bajocian		Jurassic 4	168.2
			Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3	174.7
			Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
			Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
			Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian		Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian		Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian					425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan			Pirgu			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
						Cautleyan									448.9 *
						Pusgillian									449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †						Vormsi	449.6 *
												Berounian		449.7 *	Vormsi
														Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru						Rakvere		450.6 *
						Cheneyan								Rakvere		451.5 *
						Cheneyan								Oandu		452 *
				Burrellian		452.7 *								Oandu
			Sandbian			Keila				Idavere †				Ordovician 4	453
						Keila			Actonian †						453.2 *
						Haljala			Actonian †						453.9
									Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †							455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse												456.4 *
				Aurelucian														456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †								457.5 *
													Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									Ordovician 3				458.4
												Dobrotivian						458.5 *
						Lasnamagi						Dobrotivian						458.9 *
						Lasnamagi						Oretanian						459.7 *
						Aseri												460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn													461.3 *
Sarka †																	461.7 *
						Oeland		Kunda									462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum							464.3 *
								Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
Dapingian			Ordovician 2											Klabava †				467.3
												Arenigian						468
				Arenig	Fennian													468.4 *
								Billingen										469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian																470
										Latorp †								470.1 *
					Whitlandian													471.1 *
					Whitlandian			Hunneberg										473.7 *
					Moridunian													474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	Ordovician 1							Tremadocian						477.7
				Cressagian														480.8 *
								Varangu										481.3 *
								Pakerort										482.2 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Cambrian 5							485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian		Albertian †							Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian								Marjumian									Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan									Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran		Waucoban †								509
		Stage 4								Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran									Cambrian 2	514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian										538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian									Karatau										800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau										1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan										1375
		Calymmian																			1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian																			1600
		Orosirian																			1800
		Rhyacian																			2050
		Siderian																			2300
Archean	Neoarchean																				2500
	Mesoarchean																				2800
	Paleoarchean																				3200
	Eoarchean																				3600
Hadean																					4000
																						4600