PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain							Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan													Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein					Kathwai	251.902
																		252.4 *
																	Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian													Chhidru	254.14
																	Kalabagh	255 *
																	Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian								Leine						264.28
																		265.3 *
																	Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian													Amb	266.9
				Roadian														270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian												Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian												Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian												Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian												Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian												Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian												Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian												Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9												Chesterian
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
						Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
						Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
								Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
	Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †			454.2 *
	Longvillian †										455.2 *
									Kukruse		456.4 *
						Aurelucian					456.8 *
	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										457.4 *
	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri		461.3 *
							Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
			Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Whitlandian				Hunneberg			473.7 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian							477.7
					Cressagian							480.8 *
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																		1400