PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Zechstein		Longtanian †				254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian	Rotliegendes						259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian							264.28
		Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
										Filipovian							276.5 *
										Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian						283.5
										Irginian							285.9 *
										Burtsevian							287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian							291.7 *
		Asselian							Asselian	Shikhanian							293.52
										Uskalykian							294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
		Telychian				Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill			Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian				470
									Whitlandian				471.1 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc			Migneintian				477.7
						Tremadoc			Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	489.5												Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	Marjumian								Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian				Waucoban †						509	Delamaran
		Stage 4											Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	514
													Montezuman	514.8 *
													Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8