PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean														Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean														Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian														Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian														Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian														Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian														Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian														Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian														Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian	Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian							Dorashamian	Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian	Laoshanian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian	Laibinian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian	Lengwuan		Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian							Midian	Kuhfengian							264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian	Luodianian							273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
				Longlinian	285.4 *
					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian				470
									Whitlandian				471.1 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10											Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian	489.5
		Paibian											Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian											Boomerangian		499
		Drumian											Undillan		500.5
		Drumian											Floran		503
		Wuliuan											Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan											Ordian		Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Ordian			509
																	510.8 *