PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
				Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	Pannonian			7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian			11.04
				Serravallian								Sarmatian			11.63
												Badenian			12.8 *
											Lillburnian	Badenian			13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
											Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan				100.5
											Urutawan				103.3
										Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian							Korangan				113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian	468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	Ungurian			477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian				480.8 *
										485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids				Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian									499.5
Drumian			Zhanaarykian								500.5
Drumian			Tuesaian								503
Wuliuan			Tuesaian								504.5
Wuliuan											505.3
Series 2		Stage 4					Caerfai				509
			Toyonian								510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400