PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127914 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian					Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian					Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian					Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian			Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian						Midian				264.28
				Wordian						Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian						Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian						Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian						Bolorian			Autunian	283.5
				Artinskian						Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian						Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian						Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
Xiaodushanian				Gzhelian	300 *
Xiaodushanian				Kasimovian	303.7
Dalaun				Kasimovian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
Huashibanian					318.5 *
Lousuan					321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Couvinien	Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian		407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien	Pragian		408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian		410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
	Burrellian							452.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
	Aurelucian							Longvillian †			456.8 *
	Aurelucian							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig				Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc				Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400