PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127914 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of France	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian								66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic								100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Meishanian					251.902
				Changhsingian											Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian											Laoshanian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian											Laibinian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Lengwuan					259.51
				Wordian											Kuhfengian					264.28
				Roadian											Kuhfengian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Luodianian					273.01
				Artinskian											Luodianian					283.5
				Artinskian											Longlinian					285.4 *
				Sakmarian											Longlinian					290.1
				Asselian											Zisongian			Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Zisongian			Virgilian		298.9
				Gzhelian														Virgilian		300.1
				Kasimovian														Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian														Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian														Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian														Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian														Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian		323.2
				Visean														Chesterian		330.9
																		Meramecian		335.8 *
																		Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian														Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian														Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian										Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien										Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian															Emsian	393.3
				Pragian															Siegen	407.6
				Pragian					Coblencien										Siegen	408.2 *
				Lochkovian					Gedinnine										Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ungurian	477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian											489.5
												Aksaian		490.7 *
												Sakian		492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids				Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian											499.5
			Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian										Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan								Topazan		Tuesaian	504.5
											Topazan			505.3
											Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai					Waucoban †		509
													Toyonian	510 *
											Dyeran		Toyonian	511 *
													Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3											514
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Montezuman		Atdabanian	515.6 *
											Begadean		Atdabanian	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian	521
			Stage 2											525.5
			Fortunian											529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian														720
			Tonian													Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	1200												Yurmatian
			Ectasian	Burzyan	1375
																				1400