PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Chibanian																	Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian																	Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian																	Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian																	Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian																	Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian																	Waipipian	3
				Zanclean																	Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean																	Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian																Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian																	Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian																	Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian																	Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian																	Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian																	Lillburnian	13.82
																					Clifdenian	15.1
																				Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian																	Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian																	Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian																	Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian																Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Waitakian	23.03
																					Duntroonian	25.2
																					Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
																				Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																					Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian																	Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian																	Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian																	Bortonian	41.2
																				Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																					Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian																	Heretaungan	47.8
																					Mangaorapan	48.9
																					Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	Teurian	56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian																	Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian																	Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian																Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
																					Mangaotanean	90.5
																					Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian																	Arowhanan	93.9
																				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																					Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Motuan	100.5
																					Urutawan	103.3
																				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian																	Korangan	113
				Aptian																		117.5
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill			Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
										Cautleyan				448.9 *
										Pusgillian				449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
														Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
				Cheneyan						451.5 *				Rakvere
				Cheneyan						Oandu				452 *
				Burrellian						Oandu				452.7 *
			Sandbian							Keila				Idavere †	453
										Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
										Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
				Aurelucian												456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
										Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku						458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri						461.3 *
										Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
Volkhov												Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
			Dapingian													467.3
				Arenig			Fennian									468.4 *
Billingen																469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
							Whitlandian									471.1 *
Hunneberg							Whitlandian									473.7 *
							Moridunian									474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian									477.7
							Cressagian									480.8 *
Varangu																481.3 *
Pakerort						482.2 *
							485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
							486.3 *
										486.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
			Ediacaran					Wonokan †								Vendian †	571.7 *	Vendian
			Cryogenian															635
			Tonian															720
			Tonian														Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																						1400