PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian		66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †									303.7
		Kasimovian														305.9
		Moscovian													Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian													Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean													Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian													Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
		Pragian														407.6
		Lochkovian														410.8
Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
	Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
		Aeronian														438.5
		Rhuddanian														440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian							443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan					Gamachian							445.2
				Rawtheyan	Richmondian	446 *
				Cautleyan		448.9 *
				Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †			449.6 *
					Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian					450.4 *
					Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
				Cheneyan						451.5 *
				Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
						Actonian †				453.2 *
						Actonian †		Turinian		453.7 *
						Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Aurelucian							456.8 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
			Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
								Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian			Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian				Blackhillsian					471.1 *
				Whitlandian				Tulean					473.9 *
				Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
				Migneintian				Stairsian					480.3 *
				Cressagian				Stairsian					480.8 *
				Cressagian				Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
																487.5