PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian of the Baltic		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian													Bumbanian	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan		56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
				Bajocian							Humphresianum							168.4
				Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
										Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
				Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
				Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
				Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
				Asselian								Kuzel						297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
									Xiaodushanian									300 *
												Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
													Stephanian B					300.9 *
													Stephanian A					301.4 *
				Kasimovian									Stephanian A					303.7
													Cantabrian					305 *
									Dalaun									305.8 *
				Moscovian														307
												Westphalian	Westphalian D					307.4 *
													Westphalian C					309.8
													Westphalian B					314.6
Bashkirian				315.2									Westphalian B
				Westphalian A	317 *
				Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
					Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
	Katian		Rawtheyan					Chientangkiangian		445.2
			Cautleyan							448.9 *
			Pusgillian							449.3 *
			Pusgillian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Caradoc				Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan						451.5 *
							Burrellian						452.7 *
	Sandbian												453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
										Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian									Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig				Fennian				Dapingian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				Yiyangian			470
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian				Xinchangian			477.7
							Migneintian					Lianghekou †		477.9 *
							Cressagian							480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635