PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127684 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene			Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene			Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian													Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian								66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic								100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
															Kawhia	Ohauan			150
																Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian												Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian												Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian												Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian												Warepan			208.5
																Otamitan			217
																Oretian			221
				Carnian												Oretian			227
				Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian												Etalian			238
				Anisian												Etalian			242
				Anisian												Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian												Nelsonian			249
				Induan												Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan											DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902												Makarewan
			Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
			Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
									Cautleyan			448.9 *
									Pusgillian			449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
Oandu									Cheneyan			452 *
Oandu									Burrellian			452.7 *
Sandbian			Keila									Idavere †	453
			Keila								Actonian †		453.2 *
			Haljala								Actonian †		453.9
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
			Kukruse											456.4 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
			Uhaku								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Uhaku					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Aseri	460.4 *
			Aseri	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
			Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
				Arenig				Fennian				468.4 *
					Billingen							469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian										470
									Latorp †			470.1 *
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Hunneberg			Whitlandian				473.7 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
					Varangu							481.3 *
					Pakerort							482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Datsonian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
												Payntonian			486.8 *
												Payntonian			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Iverian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Iverian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Idamean			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan					Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian								499
		Drumian				Undillan	500.5
		Drumian				Floran	503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian	Topazan					504.5
						Templetonian	Delamaran					506.5
						Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian						Waucoban †		509
														510.8 *
							Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran							514
							Montezuman							514.8 *
							Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																			635