PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Chibanian								Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian								Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian								Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian				Tertiary †						2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian										3
				Zanclean								Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean								Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian								Tongaporutuan									Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan									Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian																	Sarmatian	11.63
																					Badenian	12.8 *
												Lillburnian									Badenian	13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian										13.82
												Clifdenian										15.1
											Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian								Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian								Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian										23.03
												Duntroonian										25.2
												Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
											Arnold	Runangan										34.6
												Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian								Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian								Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian								Bortonian										41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
												Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian								Heretaungan										47.8
												Mangaorapan										48.9
												Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian										56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian								Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian								Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
												Mangaotanean										90.5
												Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian								Arowhanan										93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
												Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan										100.5
												Urutawan										103.3
											Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian								Korangan										113
				Aptian																		117.5
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian			Wordian		264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb	Roadian		266.9
			Roadian			Roadian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
									Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
									Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian							Lockportian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian								Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian									438.5
				Alexandrian								438.7 *
											Raikkula	439.4 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
			Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan					Gamachian	445.2
									Rawtheyan					Richmondian	446 *
									Cautleyan						448.9 *
									Pusgillian						449.3 *
				Caradoc					Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
														Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
														Edenian			450.4 *
													Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
									Cheneyan								451.5 *
									Burrellian								452.7 *
			Sandbian														453
															Actonian †		453.2 *
Turinian														453.7 *	Actonian †
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian								456.8 *
Whiterockian																Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
				Arenig			Fennian							468.4 *
													Rangerian	469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †			470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian										471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian										473.9 *
							Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian										477.7
					Stairsian		Migneintian										480.3 *
					Stairsian		Cressagian										480.8 *
					Skullrockian	Demingian †	Cressagian	482 *
						Demingian †		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †		497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																						1400