PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Zones	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian						MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16					Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15							3.6
										MN 14							4.2
										MN 13					Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13							5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12							7.246
										MN 11							7.75
										MN 10							8.7
										MN 9							9.7
										MN 7 + 8					Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8							11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6							12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5					Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4					Shanwangian		15.98
										MN 3					Xiejiaan		16.9
										MN 2							20
				Aquitanian						MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan					150
												Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian								Warepan					208.5
												Otamitan					217
												Oretian					221
Carnian				227								Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	Buntsandstein	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Leine		Flettian		264.28
							Barettian		266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
				Kubergandian			Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
							Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian			Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian					288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	470							Fennian
			Whitlandian							471.1 *
			Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635