PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan							150
												Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian								Warepan							208.5
												Otamitan							217
												Oretian							221
				Carnian								Oretian							227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian								Etalian							238
				Anisian								Etalian							242
				Anisian								Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian								Nelsonian							249
				Induan								Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan							DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian			Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian					Dorashamian			Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian			Waiitian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian			Puruhauan							254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian		Aparima	Flettian							259.51
				Wordian								Flettian							264.28
												Barettian							266
									Murgabian										266.2 *
				Roadian					Murgabian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian										273.01
									Kubergandian			Mangapirian							276
									Bolorian										279.8
				Artinskian															283.5
												Telfordian							285
									Yakhtashian			Telfordian							286
									Yakhtashian										288.5
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian					Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
										Middle Famennian									365.3 *
										Early Famennian									368.5 *
				Frasnian						Late Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
										Middle Frasnian									375.4 *
										Early Frasnian									379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian								Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian									383.7 *
										Early Givetian									385.9 *
Eifelian				Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †			449.6 *
								Cheneyan					451.5 *
								Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
										Actonian †			453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †				456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig				Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
							Cressagian			480.8 *
							Cressagian			Mansian †				483.55 *
										Mansian †				485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian							489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian								Idamean		494
		Paibian								Idamean		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian				497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian				499
									Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian							Undillan					500.5
		Drumian							Floran					503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
										Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
										Toyonian				510.8 *
										Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian				514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																			1400