PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian					100.5
							Middle Albian					106.2 *
							Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian					113
		Aptian					Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian					139.8
							Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
							Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian					174.7
							Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
							Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian					Sevatian					208.5
							Alaunian					213.2 *
							Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian					227
		Carnian					Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian					237
		Ladinian					Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian					242
							Pelsonian					243.8 *
							Bithynian					244.7 *
							Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian					251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
					Cheneyan				451.5 *
					Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
						Actonian †		453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †			455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian				470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
												538.8