PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127751 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Germany	Devonian of France	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras										168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
									Planulata										179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
									Kanense										181.3 *
									Carlottense										182.3 *
									Kunae										183.5 *
				Pliensbachian					Kunae										184.2
									Freboldi										185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
				Sinemurian															192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
				Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian								Leine							264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian															293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	Givetian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												Emsian			393.3
				Pragian												Siegen			407.6
				Pragian												Siegen	Coblencien		408.2 *
				Lochkovian												Gedinnine	Gedinnine		410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
			Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian														Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian														Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian															430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
				Aeronian															438.5
				Rhuddanian															440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †				443.8
				Katian		Rawtheyan							Chientangkiangian						445.2
						Cautleyan													448.9 *
						Pusgillian													449.3 *
						Pusgillian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †												449.6 *
Cheneyan						451.5 *
Burrellian						452.7 *
				Sandbian		453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
Aurelucian						Longvillian †		456.8 *
Aurelucian						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								Guniu †/Hulo	461.3 *
													Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian					Dapingian							467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			Dapingian							468.4 *
Early Ordovician			Floian		Fennian			Yiyangian							470
					Whitlandian										471.1 *
					Moridunian										474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			Xinchangian		477.7
					Migneintian					Lianghekou †				477.9 *
					Cressagian				480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
																			1400