International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ordovician of Britain | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | European Faunal Units | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||||
| 180.1 | ||||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ashgill | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | Rawtheyan | 445.2 | ||||||||||
| Cautleyan | 448.9 * | |||||||||||
| Pusgillian | 449.3 * | |||||||||||
| Caradoc | Streffordian | Onnian † | 449.6 * | |||||||||
| Cheneyan | 451.5 * | |||||||||||
| Burrellian | 452.7 * | |||||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||||
| Actonian † | 453.2 * | |||||||||||
| Marshbrookian † | Woolstonian † | 454.2 * | ||||||||||
| Longvillian † | 455.2 * | |||||||||||
| Aurelucian | 456.8 * | |||||||||||
| Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian | 457.4 * | |||||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Llanvirn | Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn | 461.3 * | |||||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||||
| Arenig | Fennian | 468.4 * | ||||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||
| Whitlandian | 471.1 * | |||||||||||
| Moridunian | 474.3 * | |||||||||||
| Tremadocian | Tremadoc | Migneintian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cressagian | 480.8 * | |||||||||||
| 485 * | ||||||||||||