PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of China		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Dorashamian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †										Dzhulfian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian			Midian		259.51
				Wordian												Wordian			Midian		264.28
				Wordian												Wordian			Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian												Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Leonardian	Cathedralian		Kubergandian		273.01
																	Cathedralian		Bolorian		279.8
																	Hessian				281.9 *
				Artinskian																	283.5
																			Yakhtashian		286
																Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Yakhtashian		286.1 *
				Sakmarian													Lenoxian		Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian													Nealian		Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Mapingian †								298.9
				Kasimovian									Mapingian †								303.7
				Kasimovian																	305.9
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Niuchehean				Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian					Paibian						494
			Paibian					Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian							Guzhangian					Arcadian			498.4
			Drumian							Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		Delamaran		Branchian	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4							Duyunian		Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3							Nangaoian		Dyeran						514
												Montezuman						514.8 *
	Placentian											Montezuman		517.1
												Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian							Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian							Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †					538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †					571.7 *
																					635