PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian						Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan							56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian			100.5
												Middle Albian			106.2 *
												Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian								Late Aptian			113
				Aptian								Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian								Late Berriasian			139.8
												Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
												Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian								Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian								Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian			174.7
												Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
												Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian								Sevatian			208.5
												Alaunian			213.2 *
												Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian								Tuvalian			227
				Carnian								Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian			237
				Ladinian								Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian								Illyrian			242
												Pelsonian			243.8 *
												Bithynian			244.7 *
												Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian								Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan								Dienerian			251.2
Griesbachian				Induan	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
			Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Xiaodushanian		300 *
					Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
						Shangsian		Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335 *
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
									Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
									Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian								Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Raikkula		439.4 *
									Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
				440.7 *
			Rhuddanian	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru						441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400