PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian		Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian		Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian		Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian		Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Waitakian		Late Oligocene	23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						Late Eocene	33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian					Bumbanian			Heretaungan		Early Eocene	47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan				Teurian		Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian								Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic		Motuan			100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian								Korangan			113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai			251.902
								252.4 *
					Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru			254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb			266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
							Huashibanian		318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8