PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128010 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian														7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian														11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian														12.8 *
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian													Wordian					264.28
				Roadian													Roadian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
				Kungurian														Hessian				281.9 *
				Artinskian														Hessian				283.5
				Artinskian													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
				Sakmarian														Lenoxian				290.1
				Asselian														Nealian			Bursumian †	293.52
				Asselian														Nealian	Kuzel		Bursumian †	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Kuzel		Virgilian	298.9
																			Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
																				Stephanian B		300.9 *
																				Stephanian A		301.4 *
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7															Stephanian A
				Missourian	Cantabrian	305 *
				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
Moscovian						307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
				Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
						Westphalian B	314.6
Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
				Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
				Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
				Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
	Eastonian											449 *		Pirgu
												Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †		450 *
										Viru			Rakvere	450.6 *
	Gisbornian												Oandu	452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian												467.3
			Castlemainian												468.5 *
			Castlemainian									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian												470
			Chewtonian										Latorp †		470.1 *
			Bendigonian												471.8 *
			Lancefieldian												473.5 *
												Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian										Hunneberg			477.7
												Varangu			481.3 *
												Pakerort			482.2 *
			Warendian												482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian				Karatau													800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000		Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																						1400