PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			European Faunal Zones	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian				MN 17											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16											2.58
				Piacenzian				MN 15											3.2
				Zanclean				MN 15											3.6
								MN 14											4.2
								MN 13											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				MN 13											5.333
				Tortonian				MN 12											7.246
								MN 11											7.75
								MN 10											8.7
								MN 9											9.7
								MN 7 + 8											11.1
				Serravallian				MN 7 + 8						Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Serravallian				MN 6											12.8 *
				Langhian				MN 5											13.82
				Burdigalian				MN 4											15.98
								MN 3											16.9
								MN 2											20
				Aquitanian				MN 2											20.44
				Aquitanian				MN 1											22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian										Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian										Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian										Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian										Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian										Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian										Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian										Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian										Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian										Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5					149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian										Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian										Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian										Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3					174.7
				Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2					184.2
				Sinemurian										Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian										Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian										Triassic 4					208.5
				Carnian										Triassic 3					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1					247.2
Induan				251.2
Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Meishanian	Permian 4	251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
					Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
					Laibinian		257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
							265.3 *
				Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb		Permian 3	266.9
			Roadian			Permian 3	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Gzhelian				300.1
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran			Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian			Silurian 1	433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan	Clinton					440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							Ordovician 4				453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3						458.4
												Dobrotivian				458.5 *
												Oretanian				459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Ordovician 2			Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian									Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian				470
Tremadocian		Early Ordovician	Ordovician 1							Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							Cambrian 5						485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †						Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Marjumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan													Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran														506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †							509
		Stage 4	Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran													Cambrian 2	514
			Montezuman	514.8 *
			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian								538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian			Karatau					800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau					1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan					1375
																			1400