PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian					Tertiary †			2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean				Ruscinian								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian								5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian				Astaracian								11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian								13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian								15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian								20
				Aquitanian				Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian								Autunian				283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
				Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
				Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian					307
				Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian					323.2
Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
			Stage 4										Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3										Dyeran	514
	Montezuman												514.8 *
	Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635