PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian												MN 17		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian								MN 16		2.58
								Ruscinian								MN 16		3.1 *
																MN 15		3.2
				Zanclean												MN 15		3.6
																MN 14		4.2
																MN 13		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian								MN 13		5.333
				Tortonian												MN 12		7.246
																MN 11		7.75
								Vallesian								MN 10		8.7
																MN 9		9.7
																MN 7 + 8		11.1
				Serravallian				Astaracian								MN 7 + 8		11.63
				Serravallian												MN 6		12.8 *
				Langhian												MN 5		13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian								MN 4		15.98
								Orleanian								MN 3		16.9
								Agenian								MN 2		20
				Aquitanian												MN 2		20.44
				Aquitanian												MN 1		22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian							Wordian							264.28
Roadian				Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	Autunian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian		Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan		Ohesaare	419.2
							Cayugan		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
							Niagaran		Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Raikkula		439.4 *
							Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																		1400