PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6													0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5													11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3													33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3													37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2													41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1													56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8													66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7													72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6													83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4													100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3													113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2													121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2													125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1													132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6													145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5													149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4													165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4													168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3													174.7
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2													184.2
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1													192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4													201.4
				Norian					Triassic 4													208.5
				Carnian					Triassic 3													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian					Permian 3													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2													273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian					Permian 1													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5													298.9
Kasimovian				303.7					Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
				Cayugan				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
				Niagaran				Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian				Silurian 1	433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
				Medinan	Clinton						440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
											Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
											Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
											Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
											Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian						Ordovician 4		Keila			Idavere †	453
											Haljala				453.9
											Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse						456.4 *
											Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
													Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3								458.4
												Dobrotivian					458.5 *
											Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
											Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
											Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
										Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Ordovician 2				Klabava †					467.3
												Arenigian						468
	Billingen										469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
											Latorp †						470.1 *
	Hunneberg																473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian						Ordovician 1			Tremadocian					477.7
	Varangu																481.3 *
	Pakerort																482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian		Cambrian 5						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian																Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian		Cambrian 4						Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian								Cambrian 4						Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan								Cambrian 3						Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan														Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian								Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4														Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3								Cambrian 2						Dyeran			514
																	Montezuman			514.8 *
																	Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																		635
			Tonian																		720
			Tonian																Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau		1000
			Stenian																Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian																Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian																Burzyan		1375
																						1400