PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 5							149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan		Jurassic 2							184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran		Jurassic 2							188.9
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian		Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian					Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
		Carnian					Oretian		Triassic 3							227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan		Triassic 3							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan		Triassic 2							237
		Ladinian					Etalian									238
		Anisian					Etalian									242
		Anisian					Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian		Triassic 1							247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian									249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		Leine	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		Leine	266
		Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
				Telfordian			285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5	Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Devonian 4	Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3	Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian					Devonian 2	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian					Devonian 1	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	Silurian 2			419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton					440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian										Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3						Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514								Dyeran
				Montezuman		514.8 *
				Montezuman		Placentian						517.1
				Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
																538.8