PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Salt Range	Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
				Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
				Serravallian														Badenian	12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan													Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai		251.902
																			252.4 *
																	Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †							Chhidru		254.14
																	Kalabagh		255 *
																	Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
				Wordian															264.28
																			265.3 *
																	Amb		266.1 *
				Roadian													Amb		266.9
				Roadian															270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
			Katian					Gamachian			445.2
								Richmondian			446 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian				453
								Turinian				453.7 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian					469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean						473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
	Stairsian							480.3 *
	Skullrockian							Demingian †					482 *
Cambrian	Skullrockian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Stage 10										487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †			497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian												Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
			Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																			1400